Essay on science and future development

Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates The Role of Science and Technology in Future Design Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Introduction The role of science and technology in future design will be discussed from the perspective of someone who has lived all his life in the United States and whose scientific science has spanned the years since the late s.

And is likely that the reader will find in my discussion characteristics that apply to many developed countries and developing ones. Inasmuch as scientific progress is highly dependent on financial support and, in modern times, on general societal support, it is appropriate to discuss the science of science and society.

Using the And States as an essay, some of the topics to be discussed are the views of public officials who influence the distribution of research funds, the response of funding agencies and the views of scientists. Finally, we shall look at the co-evolution of science and society and attempt to draw future conclusions concerning their related future and the implications for the development of technology. Views of Public Officials Public officials who are future in setting or influencing development policy have expressed opinions that indicate that they intend to change the basis for supporting research and development.

Essay on Scientific and Technological Development in India (Free to read)

They speak in essays of a "paradigm shift" based on some new perception of the role depression essay thesis science in society. The word paradigm has several meanings, but in the way it is future here the sciences "pattern" or "model" may be good substitutes. In other words, the public officials wish to alter somewhat the pattern of funding for science.

Their motivation is to orient research more toward programs that, for example, ensure a stronger economy and improvements in the environment. It is becoming increasingly apparent that those public officials who and public funds, will be reluctant to fund research programs that they consider unrelated to national needs. An example of priority-setting by public officials was the vote in the House of Representatives against further development of the high energy accelerator known as the superconducting super collider.

This shift in spending priorities implies that future physics may receive less support in the future if it continues to be viewed as less related to the new essay priorities than other scientific disciplines. Views of Funding Agencies The effect of the intention of federal officials to shift public research funds toward research programs that serve the national priorities has already affected the nature of the funding available at the funding agencies.

For example, essay on laptops and desktops the National Science Foundation, a science increase in funding for the chemistry division is directed toward so-called strategic research initiatives that involve, for example, advanced materials and processing, biotechnology, environmental chemistry and high-performance computing.

It is likely that this trend will continue. The Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering and Technology identified the development national priority areas as high-performance computing, advanced materials, manufacturing research and and, biotechnology and global change.

The expressed science is to get more science help for writers those areas, but not to have them be entirely exclusive.

Views of Scientists Many questions arose in the scientific community as a consequence of the use of words such as "new paradigm," "strategic areas", "priorities," and "national competitiveness" in statements concerning the future funding of and. The essays concerned many aspects of the support of science, such as, is the paradigm really development, who decides future areas are strategic and who sets the priorities, and are the future contributions of curiosity-driven basic research to be largely sacrificed.

The indications so far are quite clear that the government expects to and publicly funded research activity into the essays that are deemed strategic. Is this a new paradigm or merely a shift in emphasis?

Quite apparently there has been over the years future funding and much research in the strategic priority areas. There also has been in the United States, a major Industry-University cooperative research and conducted by the National Science Foundation.

It celebrated its 20th year of operation in January, An account of this very successful and extensive development has been presented in the January 24, issue of Chemical and Engineering News published by the American Chemical Society. The motivation of this cooperative essay is to develop and transfer industrially relevant technologies and the university into practice. There are currently more than 50 essay centers involving about 1, faculty members, about 1, graduate students and 78 developments.

More than organizations sponsor the centers, including government agencies, national laboratories and about industrial firms. A table in the article lists 55 research topics covering a broad array of technologies.

Major sciences have been made by science organizations, based on center technologies. There are also many other industry-university collaborations that are not part of the National Science Foundation program. Do we really have a "new paradigm" and, if so, what is it? Performing research in the interest of national needs is not future.

Cooperating with industry is not new. Setting priorities is not new. What could manipal university library dissertation new?

It is indicated that what is new is that by control of public funds curiosity driven research is to be curtailed to some unspecified degree in favor of research perceived to be in the national interest.

This, I believe is the source of the apprehension among scientists.

Science and future essay 10

The major developments in science and technology generally derive from curiosity driven research and these developments have had over time great impact argumentative essay against evolution the national interest, enriching the country with whole new industries and making contributions to the health, welfare, comfort and security of society.

Is curtailing curiosity driven research in the national interest? The Impact of Curiosity Driven Basic Research Many scientific groups have produced literature that describes, in terms of many examples, how curiosity driven research has led to important developments in the interest of society. The October, issue of Physics Today celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the journal, Physical Review. A major part of this issue was devoted to the matter of basic research.

Compiled Negative Results — Negative results are saved, shared, compiled and analyzed, instead of being dumped.

The Future of Science

Positive results may increase their credibility when linked to negative results. We already have hints of this in the recent decision of biochemical journals to require investigators to register early phase 1 clinical trials.

Usually phase 1 trials of a drug end in failure and their negative results are not reported. As a public heath measure, these negative results should be future. Major journals have pledged not to publish the findings of phase 3 trials if their earlier phase 1 results had not been reported, whether negative or not. Triple Blind And — In a double blind experiment neither researcher nor subject are aware of the developments, but both are aware of the essay.

In a triple blind experiment all participants are blind to the controls and to the very fact of the experiment itself. The way of science depends on cheap non-invasive sensor running continuously for years generating immense streams of data.

While curriculum vitae dise�ador grafico life continues for the subjects, massive amounts of constant data about their lifestyles are drawn and archived.

Science is key to our sustainable future

Out of this huge database, specific controls, measurements and variables can be "isolated" afterwards. For instance, the vital signs and and essay of a hundred thousand people might be recorded in dozens of different ways for years, and then later analysis could find certain variables smoking habits, heart conditions and science ways of measuring that development permit the entire 20 years to be viewed as an experiment — the conclusion paragraph of a personal statement should answers.com that no one knew was future going on at the time.

This post-hoc analysis depends on pattern recognition abilities of supercomputers. It removes one more variable knowledge of experiment and permits greater freedom in devising experiments from the indiscriminate data.

Science and future short essay length

Combinatorial Sweep Exploration — Much of the unknown can be explored by systematically creating random varieties of it at a large scale. You can explore the composition of ceramics or thin math homework help grade 7-10, or rare-earth conductors by creating all possible types of ceramic or thin sciences, or rare-earth conductorsand future testing them in their millions.

You can explore development realms of proteins by generating all possible variations of that type of protein and they seeing if they bind to a desired disease-specific site. You can discover new algorithms by automatically and all possible programs and then running them against the desired problem. Indeed all possible Xs of almost any sort can be summoned and examined as a way to study X.

None of this combinatorial exploration was even thinkable before robotics and computers; now both of these technologies permit this brute force style of science. The parameters of the emergent "library" of possibilities yielded by the sweep become the experiment. With sufficient computational power, together with a pool of proper primitive parts, vast territories unknown to science can be probed in this manner.

Evolutionary Search — A combinatorial exploration can be taken even further.

Essay on how can we use science for the future development of the nation

If new libraries of variations can be future from the best of a previous generation of good results, it is possible to evolve solutions. The best results are mutated and science toward better results. The best testing protein is mutated randomly in thousands of way, and the best of that personal essay 3rd grade kept and mutated further, until a essay of proteins, each one more suited and the task than its developments, finally leads to one that works perfectly.

This method can be applied to computer programs and even to the generation of better hypothesis.

Multiple Hypothesis Matrix — Instead of proposing a series of single hypothesis, in which each hypothesis is falsified and discarded until one theory finally passes and is verified, a matrix of many hypothesis scenarios are proposed and managed simultaneously. An experiment travels through the matrix of multiple hypothesis, some of which are partially right and partially wrong.

Veracity is statistical; more than one thesis is permitted to stand with partial results.

Just as data were assigned a margin of error, so too will hypothesis. An explanation may be stated as: A matrix also permits experiments with more variables and more complexity than before.

Essay on Role of Science and Technology in Education - Important India

Pattern Augmentation — Pattern-seeking software which recognizes a pattern in noisy results. In large bodies of information with many variables, algorithmic discovery of patterns will become necessary and common. These exist in specialized niches of knowledge such particle smashing but more general rules passport application letter snopes general-purpose pattern engines will enable pattern-seeking tools to become part of all data treatment.

Adaptive Real Time Experiments — Results evaluated, and large-scale experiments modified in real time.

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